Any cow that is down and unable to rise requires nursing care.
All down cows should be assessed to identify the underlying causes, which can include metabolic disease, mastitis, paralysis, injury or other serious illness. If the cause is unclear, contact your vet for advice.
Caring for a down cow takes time and attention – if these cannot be committed to (in the busy calving time) then euthanasia should be considered.
Management:
Down cows cannot move independently, so they need shelter, easy access to feed and water, and a soft surface to lie on.
Shelter options include a cow cover, tarpaulin, hay bales, or a shed with deep bedding. Daily food, minerals and water should be kept within reach. If the ground is not soft, dry or suitable, the cow should be moved.
If the animal is not eating properly, drench daily with calcium and energy products such as Starter Plus or Calstart. Anti-inflammatories, such as Ketomax 15% daily for 3–5 days or Metacam 20, may be used as advised.
When transporting a down cow, use hip clamps with a strap under the chest, or move her using a tray, trailer or front-end loader. The cow should be restrained in an upright position during transport.
When lifting a down cow to see if she will walk away, ideally use hip lifters with a strap under the chest. Lift the cow at least two to three times a day and alternate the side she lies on after each lift, including the side she spends overnight on.
If the cow can support her weight, keep her lifted for five to ten minutes. If she cannot support her weight, try to position her feet underneath her. If she still does not attempt to stand, lower her onto the opposite side. Do not leave her hanging.
Daily monitoring:
Assess the cow daily for increasing weakness or paralysis, as well as mastitis and pneumonia.
Muscles start dying off after only a few hours pressure from a cow lying on them - after 3 days down the chances of the muscles recovering and a cow walking away are low.
Also monitor her attitude, alertness and responsiveness.
Consider euthanasia if:
Euthanasia should be considered if an untreatable condition has been diagnosed, if the cow stops eating or drinking, becomes dull, depressed or unresponsive, or is not responding to nursing care.
Always call your vet if unsure - animal welfare, and your time is at stake.
by Juan Klue
