Parvovirus, or 'Parvo', is a highly contagious viral disease that affects dogs, especially puppies under six months old. The virus affects the gastrointestinal tract (the gut) and in some cases, also affects the heart.
Parvo is a serious condition that can be fatal in up to 90% of cases. It's contacted from the faeces of an infected dog. The viral particles are extremely hardy and can survive in soil and on inanimate objects such as clothing, shoes, and surfaces for up to 12 months. Hence, areas where an infected dog may have been previously such as kennels, crates and runs, can remain contaminated.
What symptoms to look out for
Most parvo patients we see in the clinic are puppies under six months old. Those under 12 weeks typically have more severe symptoms.
Once a dog is exposed to parvo, it can be up to two weeks before they start showing any symptoms. However once symptoms start to show, parvo can progress rapidly.
Symptoms include: bloody diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration, anorexia, lethargy, and fever or hypothermia.
To diagnose parvo, a vet can perform a SNAP test on a faeces sample. If caught in the early stages, there is a higher chance of survival.
What happens if my dog tests positive for Parvovirus?
Unfortunately, there is no magic cure for parvovirus. Vaccination is the best prevention.
A severe case will require hospitalisation, including intravenous (IV) fluids and electrolytes. Medication may also be given to control vomiting and diarrhoea, as well as antibiotics for any secondary infections. Treatment for parvo is expensive, especially when requiring hospitalisation.
Vaccinated dogs experience much milder symptoms, most can be managed with subcutaneous fluids, and electrolytes to replace fluids lost.
How to prevent Parvovirus
Vaccination is the most effective way to protect your puppy from parvo.
In New Zealand, our core vaccine for dogs is Vanguard® Plus 5. This protects against canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, canine parainfluenza virus, and canine adenovirus type 2. Puppies can receive their first vaccination between six to eight weeks old, and then every four weeks until 16 weeks old.
A Vanguard® booster is given at one year old, then every three years.
It’s recommended to not take your puppy out and about until two weeks after its final core vaccine to ensure they are fully protected.
